Ceruloplasmin is a protein that carries copper in the blood. The Ceruloplasmin test is a blood test used to measure the amount of ceruloplasmin in the blood. This test helps in the diagnosis of Wilson’s disease, a genetic disorder that causes copper to accumulate in the liver, brain and other organs. Your healthcare provider may also order this test if you have a copper deficiency. Copper deficiency can be due to malnutrition, menkes disease, total parenteral nutrition, and malabsorption.

Normal values for serum ceruloplasmin vary by age. They are very low during early infancy through approximately six months, then peak in early childhood (approximately 30 to 50 mg/dl), and then decline to the adult range (20 to 35 mg/dl). Ceruloplasmin is estrogen sensitive, and higher levels are seen in pregnancy and in patients on hormonal supplementation. Serum ceruloplasmin levels may be low in patients without Wilsons disease and may be normal or elevated in patients with Wilsons disease. As a result, low ceruloplasmin level is not sufficient to make a diagnosis of Wilson disease, and a normal level does not exclude a diagnosis of Wilson disease.

Certain medications and supplements can affect ceruloplasmin levels and may lead to false results. Medications such as oral contraceptives, corticosteroids, and aspirin can decrease ceruloplasmin levels, while drugs like estrogen, tamoxifen, and clofibrate can increase ceruloplasmin levels. Supplements such as vitamin C, zinc, and iron can also affect ceruloplasmin levels. It is important to inform your doctor about any medications or supplements you take before the test to ensure accurate results. The doctor may recommend stopping or adjusting the dosage of certain medications or supplements before the test to minimize any potential effects on ceruloplasmin levels.

Yes, Ceruloplasmin levels can change based on age, gender, medical conditions, and other factors. Healthy individuals have relatively stable levels, but those with Wilson's disease or other conditions affecting copper metabolism may experience fluctuations based on the severity of their condition. Other factors like pregnancy, inflammation, and liver disease can also affect ceruloplasmin levels. A single ceruloplasmin test may not be enough to diagnose or monitor these conditions, and multiple tests and ongoing monitoring may be necessary. Patients should speak with their doctor about their individual testing and monitoring needs to ensure they receive appropriate care.

Ceruloplasmin levels, along with serum Copper levels and 24-Hr Urine Copper levels can be used to monitor the effectiveness of treatment for Wilson's disease, a rare genetic disorder that causes copper accumulation and can lead to liver disease and neurological issues. Medications such as Penicillamine and Zinc, are used to treat Wilson's disease (by reducing copper absorption and promoting excretion). Monitoring ceruloplasmin levels can help assess treatment effectiveness, with levels expected to increase as liver function improves. However, ceruloplasmin levels may not always accurately reflect disease progression or severity. Other cause of low Serum Ceruloplamin levels like Nephrotic syndrome, End stage Liver disease and Protein losing Enteropathy should be ruled out.